maria – Page 11 – Astronomy Sketch of the Day

A Tranquil and Serene Tapestry

Mare Serenitatis and Mare Tranquillitatis
By Giorgio Bonacorsi

Hello, my name is Giorgio Bonacorsi, I live in little town named Pergola, in Marche, center Italy. My night sky is good, I live near mountain Catria(1702m). My observation site are at 3-4 minutes from home and are at 400-500 m of altitude. I go there for my sketches of galaxy and other object of deep sky,but also behind my home I have a good sky, principally for Moon, planets and comets. My instruments are: Newtonian telescope 15cm 750f, acromatic80/1000, maksutov-cassegrain 110/1035, 16×80 binocular.

Crisium’s Clean Sweep

Mare Crisium
By Richard Handy

The history of the Moon is written by impacts and volcanism. Nowhere is this more apparent than the lunar maria. Mare Crisium, unique among the nearside maria for being completely embayed by the lunar terrae, formed as a result of a 25 km impactor that struck the northeastern quadrant of the Moon some 3.9 to 3.85 Billion years ago. Imagination pales in comparison to the fury of this event. At first impact, all craters that had formed previously in the target area were swept clean of the surface as a deep basin from 10-25 km deep and 500 km in diameter formed. The very surface of the moon, rebounding from the shock of compression, acted like the surface of a pond that was stuck by a pebble, as large undulating seismic waves spread out from the center of the impact, across the basin floor, lifting huge blocks of lunar crust and faulting them in concentric rings at regular intervals. Shock melted material mixed with pulverized regolith called fluidized flow fronts, splayed out radially and nearly horizontal to the surface, creating strange braided landforms and teardrop formations as they tore through crater walls, burying what they did not destroy. A rain of secondary impacts followed, some taking long arching trajectories before impacting several minutes later, hundreds of kilometers away into the distant surrounding terrain. Although the entire basin was created in a few milliseconds, the lavas that cover Mare Crisium itself took hundreds of millions of years to emplace. Impacts that create basins also create deep fractures or faults in the bedrock beneath them. Working in concert with these natural conduits is a mantle that is closer to the surface due to uplift. As a result basaltic lavas found easy access to the surface following these fractures and the Crisium basin gradually became Mare Crisium. Over the course of the next billion years various lava flows erupted onto the mare, covering large portions that had previously been filled in. Nevertheless the mare’s surface is still quite deep in relation to the mean lunar surface, in areas close to 8 km deep according to recent Clementine data. At the western edge of Crisium lies the dramatic butterfly winged rays of Proclus, ejected predominantly lateral to the crater, in two wide 40 degree fans as well as a few subtle down range dustings, the most obvious ray almost bisecting the mare. This is a result of a low angle impact (less than 45 degrees to the surface). As it turns out, Crisium itself is elongated in the east-west direction, perhaps the result of just such a glancing strike.

Here are the sketch details:

Subject: Mare Crisium Rukl: 26, 27, 37, 38
Date: 2-2-07 Started- 6:20 UT End- 8:37 UT (2-3-07)
Seeing: Antoniadi III Weather: Clear
Telescope: 12″ Meade SCT f/10
Binoviewer: W.O. Bino-P with 1.6X Nosepiece.
Eyepieces: W.O. WA 20mm Plossls
Barlow: none
Magnification: 244X
Lunation: 15.1 days Phase: 348.4 deg Illumination: 99.9%
Colongitude: 97.5 deg Lib in Lat.: -1 deg 51 min Lib in Long.: +04 deg 03 min
Sketch medium: White and black Conte’ Crayons on black textured Strathmore paper.
Sketch size: 18″ x 24″.

Approaching Sunset at Posidonius Crater

On this night I watched the sunset terminator move slowly toward ring-plain crater
Posidonius while I sketched the crater and nearby features on the floor of 750 km.
diameter Mare Serenitatis. Posidonius (99km.) is an old upper Imbrian era impact
reminant. Its age is betrayed by the way shadows penetrate the rim at numerous
points as the sun continued to set. The highest part of the rim is on the
terminator side of this crater. Sunlight was still reaching part of Posidonius A
and two other high points on ridges including one on the inner ring. Beyond this
crater to the west and south the great serpentine ridge could be seen in best
light. This ridge is made up of dorsa Smirnov and dorsa Lister just north of
crater Plinius (44 km.). Smaller and younger crater Dawes (19km.) could be seen
casting a shadow eastward which was growing in length throughout the sketch
interval.

Sketching:

2H graphite pencil, black felt tip marker on white copy paper, gum eraser
Date: 12-10-2006 8:05 to 8:40 UT
10 inch f / 5.7 Dobsonian 9mm ortho ocular 161X
Temperature: 3°C (37° F)
Clear, calm
Antoniadi: III-IV
Colongitude: 150.1°
Lunation: 19.4 days
Illumination: 71.2 %

Frank McCabe

Craters on the Sea of Islands

Before sunset when I set up to sketch, the wind was howling out of the southwest.
The atmospheric disturbance continued through the nighttime hours and the seeing
remained poor all night. However, the sky was transparent and I set up in a part
of my yard that was most sheltered from the strongest wind gusts.

I selected for sketching the craters on the floor of the lower Imbrian epoch Mare
Insularum. Basin ejecta debris could be seen strewn across much of the floor of
this sea.

From southwest at the terminator is sharp rimmed, upper Imbrian crater Lansberg
(39 km.) totally shadow filled. Further to the northeast about 120 km. is
Eratosthenian aged crater Reinhold (48 km.). With some difficulty I was able to
make out some wall terracing on the western inner slope. A somewhat narrow rampart
was visible around the outer crater rim. East of Reinhold a short distance are the
craters Reinhold B (26 km.) with its flat floor and on its flat floor little
Reinhold A (4 km.) difficult to see most of this observation. On further to the
east the youngest crater in this sketch is 12 km. Gambart A. Some of its ejecta
were brightly visible superimposed on the maria’s darker lava. At the extreme
eastern corner of the sketch is old crater Gambart (25 km.) about the same size as
Reinhold A and like its twin, flat floored, shallow and lacking a central peak
which is uncharacteristic for craters in this size range.

Sketching

For this sketch I used: black Strathmore 400 Artagain paper, 9”x12”, white and
black Conte’ pastel pencils and a blending stump. Brightness was slightly
decreased after scanning.

Telescope: 10 inch f/ 5.7 Dobsonian 6mm eyepiece 241x
Date: 10-21-2007 0:05-1:40 UT
Temperature: 16°C (62°F)
Clear, very windy (30 mph)
Transparency good
Seeing: Antoniadi IV
Co longitude: 27.3°
Lunation: 9.8 days
Illumination: 66.9 %

Frank McCabe

A New Dawn across the Bay of Rainbows

Northwest of the Sea of Rains is the 260 km. crater known as the Bay of Rainbows.
At the time of this evening observation the shadow of the terminator was crossing
the bay beyond 4 km. Heraclides E. A good one third of the bay floor was in
darkness but already Promontorium Heraclides and much taller Promontorium Laplace
across the bay were basking in the morning sunlight. A long triangular shadow from
the latter was seen extending westward. The sunlight was also descending the walls
of what remains of the crater rim known as the Jura mountains. My drawing does not
begin to capture the beauty of this view. East of the bay in the brightly
illuminated Imbrium basin are craters LeVerrier and Helicon both about 20 km. in
diameter. South of this pair are the much smaller craters Carlini and Carlini A.

Sketching

For this sketch I used: White copy paper, 6”x 9”, 2H graphite pencil and an ink
pen. Brightness was slightly increased after scanning.

Telescope: 10 inch f/ 5.7 Dobsonian 12mm eyepiece 121x
Date: 9-3-2006 0:30-1:15 UT
Temperature: 20°C (68°F)
Clear, calm
Seeing: Pickering 5/10
Colongitude: 32.4°
Lunation: 10.2 days
Illumination: 71 %

Frank McCabe

Deep Southern Sea

Southwestern Mare Humorum

Mare Humorum is a small circular sea on the southwestern side of the visible lunar
surface. The thick floor is intermediate in age between the Nectarian and Imbrian
basins. This sketch is focused on the southern perimeter of Humorum and includes
from west to east craters: Doppelmayer (66 km.); Lee (43 km.); Vitello (43 km.)
the youngest and only one of the three with a complete rim. The ghost-like nearly
lava buried crater Puiseux (25 km.) can be seen north of Lee on the floor of Mare
Humorum. Rupes Kelvin and Promontorium Kelvin are both visible east and north of
crater Vitello. I made this sketch while evaluating the performance of a 6” f /7.9
Newtonian telescope.

Sketching:

Date and Time November 2, 2006 1:30-2:30 UT
8.5” x11” copy paper, 2 HB graphite pencil, black ink marker pen
10.8 day old waxing gibbous moon
Colongitude: 45.7°
Illumination: 84 %
Seeing: Pickering 4/10
6” f 7.9 Dob. 6mm ocular 200x

Frank McCabe

The Compelling Late Old Moon

South is up and west is to the left in this sketch I made this morning near
daybreak of day 27 for lunation 1048. I knew the view would be poor because I
could not wait at all for the scope’s primary mirror to cool down. Therefore I
kept the magnification low and decided to sketch the compelling region from the
Ocean Procellarum to Sinus Roris. At the top of the sketch closest to the lunar
equator and near the terminator, you can see crater Reiner a 53 km. crater and to
the west of this crater is the famous bright feature Reiner Gamma. Crater Olbers
responsible for the rays in the region is lost in the bright area near the limb.
Most of the craters in this late lunation have floors in darkness and look quite
spectacular through the eyepiece. The longest bright ray from south to north
passes east of the crater pair Cardanus and Krafft both about 50 km. in diameter.
On northward a couple of hundred kilometers and just west of the bright ray the
dark crater Seleucus can be seen and further along to the east of the ray lies Schiaparelli. Most of the remaining craters visible lie on the limb side of the continuing ray and include: large crater Russell (105 km.) with smaller Briggs and Briggs A just to the east.
Continuing on northward across the dark smooth ocean, craters Lichtenberg and
larger Lavoisier A can be seen. At this point the bright limb highlands feature
Harding and Dechen showing bright ejecta blankets near the edge of Sinus Roris. On
the terminator side dome complex Mons Rumker is about to experience sunset.
Finally at the far northern end of the sketch is Markov a 40 km crater on the
floor of Sinus Roris. Seeing the moon early in the morning late in a lunation is
always a pleasant and memorable sight.

Sketching:
For this sketch I used: black Strathmore 400 Artagain paper 12”x 7”, white and
black Conte’ pastel pencils a blending stump and my index finger too. Brightness
was slightly adjusted after scanning.
Telescope: 10” inch f/ 5.7 Dobsonian and 21mm eyepiece 69x

Date: 10-8-2007 10:30-11:15 UT
Temperature: 22° C (72° F)
Clear, calm
Seeing: Antoniadi III
Colongitude: 234.1 °
Lunation: 27 days
Illumination: 7 %

Frank McCabe

A tilted cup

Walled Plain Crater Fracastorius

Lunation day five has walled plain crater Fracastorius (124 km.) basking in the
morning sunlight on the south edge of Mare Nectaris as it has each lunar orbit
for more than three and three quarter billion years. The shallow plate shaped
basin that Fracastorius rests upon subsided from accumulated lava mass and this
over time tilted the crater toward the center of the basin. Eventually the lava
building up in the basin was able to find a breach in the low tilted north wall of
the crater and continued to flow in hiding the central peak and most of the north
wall beyond the breach. Some of the floor of Fracastorius is covered by lavas that
are lighter in color than the dark lava covering most of the Sea of Nectar.
Northward out into Mare Nectaris is the much younger, small (12 km.) bright rimmed
crater Rosse standing alone in this part of the lava sea.

Sketching:
For this sketch I used: black Strathmore 400 Artagain paper, white and black Conte’
pastel pencils and a blending stump. Contrast was slightly adjusted after scanning.
Telescope: 10 inch f/ 5.7 Dobsonian and 6 mm eyepiece 241X
Date: 5-22-2007 1:09-2:15 UT
Temperature: 22° C ( 72° F)
High thin clouds, calm
Seeing: Antoniadi III
Colongitude 331.8 °
Lunation 5.24 days
Illumination 32 %

Frank McCabe

Like a Tart

“She appears like a tart that my cooke made me last weeke, here a vaine of bright
stuffe, and there of darke, and so confusedlie all over. I must confess I can see
none of this without my cylinder”.

These were the honest words of William Lower an amateur astronomer written upon
observing the Moon with his new “perspective cylinder” in 1608.
In the history of Man Kind this is but a heart beat in time but how the telescope
has evolved from that primitive Galilean spy glass that only the privileged few
could ever hope to own! Now even the most modest instrument delivers views of the
heavens and Moon in particular that our astronomical forefathers could only have
dreamt of!

One thing that hasn’t changed for me and countless others is the “confusedlie” of
the Moon. It is an awe-inspiring yet bewildering sight to all but the most
experienced lunar observer. I myself am very much a Lunar apprentice and each time
I fly over the terminator with my telescope and settle upon “she who takes my
heart” I am learning my way around not only the shadows, bright ridges and crater
rims but through my post sketch research feature names, dimensions and geological
composition.

On the late evening my visual voyage of 250,000 miles at the eyepieces of my
binoviewer was just such an adventure.
I deliberately selected a relatively demure region, shunning the bright and large
craters in a deliberate attempt to stray from the well trodden path.

It turns out that my target area turned out to be Lacus Exellentiae. I was
initially drawn to a crater with a brightly lit rim just to the left of centre in
my drawing that my subsequent atlas searches found as being nameless apart from
being marked as (b) in a few of the atlases I own . The crater on the right close
to the terminator however turned out to be Clausius with a diameter of 24km and
was situated close the controlled crash site of the European Smart -1 Lunar
orbiter on September 3rd 2006.

A happy hour spent and no longer so Confusedlie!


    Moon 11 days
   14″ (350mm) Newtonian 193x
    Sketch with Derwent watercolour pencils, Derwent Pastel pencils & conte hard
    pastels. Blending stumps used, sketch on lightweight black card.
    Finished worked scanned but un processed.

    Dale Holt
    Chippingdale observatory, Nr Buntingford, Hertfordshire UK

From Sirsalis to Damoiseau

This was the first time that I had used my new (to me) Superscopes 6″ F9 triplet
refractor for a sketch. As per usual I sketch what my eye is most drawn to and
then research the area after.

In this case I struggled to match up the craters that I had captured with any of
my many books & atlases. In the end I got a best match from an excellent free
down load picture Atlas/portfolio by Alan Chu. I decided that it must be the
Sirsalis region although the stunning illumination I enjoyed wasn’t captured in
any thing that I had in my library.

I used the following:
Superscopes 150mm F9 triplet refractor, Denk binoviewer with 2.5x lens, 2x 23mm
Celestron Axiom eyepieces straight through so no diagonal delivering 146x.

6″x8″ (150mm x 200mm) light black card of unknown origin
Derwent watercolour pencils, Derwent pastel pencils, conte sticks & blending stumps

25.8.07, 21.30UT sketch time 10minutes.

Location: Chippingdale observatory, Chipping Nr Buntingford, Hertfordshire, England.

Dale Holt